How is the loading and unloading operation of the working device of the loader realized?

The digging and loading and unloading operations of the loader are realized by the movement of its working device. The working device of the loader is composed of bucket 1, boom 2, connecting rod 3, rocker arm 4, bucket cylinder 5, boom cylinder 6, etc. The whole working device is hinged on the frame 7. The bucket is hinged with the bucket cylinder through the connecting rod and rocker arm for loading and unloading materials. The boom is hinged with the frame and boom cylinder to lift the bucket. The bucket overturning and boom lifting are hydraulically controlled.

When the loader is operating, the working device shall ensure that when the bucket cylinder is locked, the boom cylinder is lifted or lowered, the linkage mechanism will make the bucket move up and down or close to the translation, so as to prevent the bucket from tilting and scattering materials; When the boom is at any position and the bucket rotates around the boom hinge point for unloading, the bucket tilt angle shall not be less than 45 °, and the bucket can be automatically leveled when the boom is lowered after unloading.

According to the structural types of working devices of loaders at home and abroad, there are mainly seven types, namely, three bar, four bar, five bar, six bar and eight bar according to the number of components of the linkage mechanism; According to whether the steering of input and output rods is the same, it can be divided into forward and reverse linkage mechanisms.

The bucket structure of loader used in earthwork is usually made of low carbon, wear-resistant and high-strength steel plate welded. The cutting edge is made of wear-resistant medium manganese alloy steel. The side cutting edge and reinforcing angle plate are made of high-strength wear-resistant steel.

There are four types of bucket cutters. The selection of tooth shape should take into account the factors such as insertion resistance, wear resistance and easy replacement. The tooth shape is divided into sharp teeth and blunt teeth. The tire loader mostly uses sharp teeth, while the crawler loader mostly uses blunt teeth. The number of bucket teeth depends on the bucket width, and the bucket tooth pitch is generally 150-300mm. The bucket tooth structure is divided into two types: integral type and split type. Most small and medium-sized loaders use integral type, while large loaders often use split type due to poor working conditions and severe wear of bucket teeth. The split bucket tooth is divided into two parts: basic tooth 2 and tooth tip 1. After wear, only the tooth tip needs to be replaced.

Special working device of loader

1. Enlarge the bucket

On the basis of the standard model configuration, increase the bucket capacity to improve the working efficiency to meet the requirements of shoveling and loading of materials with light weight, such as coal.

2. Rock King

Mainly aimed at the working conditions of loading and unloading rocks, the bucket arm plate and support plate bucket of the bucket are strengthened, and equipped with high wear-resistant auxiliary knife plate and high wear-resistant precision cast bucket teeth, thus improving the service life of the entire bucket.

3. High unloading

It can meet the increasing fence height of trucks. For materials with low specific weight such as coal, it can meet the requirements of high unloading and large loading capacity, and greatly improve work efficiency.

4. Side dump bucket

For the working device with narrow site, especially in tunnel operation, the bucket can roll over in one direction, which can effectively reduce the labor intensity of the driver in tunnel operation.

5. Clamping fork

It is mainly used for handling and loading and unloading of materials in forest farms and ports.

6. Quick change device

It is mainly aimed at the working environment where many materials need to be loaded and unloaded in the workplace. The driver can quickly replace the working device by sitting in the cab, which is convenient to use and efficient. The replaceable working devices include: bucket, wooden fork, etc.

7. Grass grab

It is mainly used for grabbing plant straw and has the characteristics of large opening, tight compaction and high efficiency of grabbing grass.