Excavators, also known as excavation machines, also known as excavators, are earth-moving machines that use buckets to excavate materials higher or lower than the bearing surface and load them into transport vehicles or unload them to the stockyard. The materials excavated by the excavator are mainly soil, coal, sand and soil and rock after pre-loosening. From the perspective of the development of construction machinery in recent years, the development of excavators is relatively fast. Excavators have become one of the most important construction machinery in engineering construction. Three important parameters of excavator: operating weight (mass), engine power and bucket capacity.
Development history
The excavator was originally manual. It has been more than 130 years since its invention in 2013. During this period, it has experienced the gradual development process from steam-driven bucket rotary excavator to electric-driven and internal-combustion engine driven rotary excavator, and fully automatic hydraulic excavator applying electro-hydraulic integration technology. The first hydraulic excavator was successfully invented by the French factory in Portland. Due to the application of hydraulic technology, hydraulic backhoe ground mounted excavator was equipped on tractors in the 1940s. In 1951, the first fully hydraulic backhoe excavator was launched by the Poclain factory in France, thus creating a new space in the field of technical development of excavators. In the early and middle 1950s, towed full-swing hydraulic excavators and crawler full hydraulic excavators were successively developed. The hydraulic excavator trial-produced at the initial stage is based on the hydraulic technology of aircraft and machine tools. It lacks hydraulic components suitable for various working conditions of the excavator, and the manufacturing quality is not stable enough, and the supporting parts are not complete. Since the 1960s, hydraulic excavators have entered the stage of promotion and vigorous development. Excavator manufacturers and varieties in various countries have increased rapidly, and the output has soared. During 1968-1970, the output of hydraulic excavators accounted for 83% of the total output of excavators, which was close to 100%.
The first generation of excavators: the emergence of electric motors and internal combustion engines made excavators have advanced and suitable electric devices, and various excavator products were born one after another. In 1899, the first electric excavator appeared. After the First World War, diesel engines were also used in excavators. This mechanical excavator driven by diesel engines (or electric motors) was the first generation of excavators.
The second generation excavator: with the wide use of hydraulic technology, the excavator has a more scientific and applicable transmission device. Hydraulic transmission instead of mechanical transmission is a great leap in excavator technology. In 1950, the first hydraulic excavator in Germany was born. Hydraulic mechanical transmission is the second generation excavator.
The third generation excavator: the wide application of electronic technology, especially computer technology, has enabled the excavator to have an automatic control system, and has also enabled the excavator to develop in the direction of high performance, automation and intelligence. The sprout of mechatronics took place around 1965, while the adoption of mechatronics technology on mass production hydraulic excavators was around 1985, when the main purpose was to save energy. Electronic excavator is the symbol of the third generation excavator.
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