Classification of excavators

Common excavators are driven by internal combustion engine and electric power. Electric excavators are mainly used in plateau anoxic and underground mines and other flammable and explosive places.

According to the scale, excavators can be divided into large excavators, medium excavators and small excavators

According to different walking modes, excavators can be divided into crawler excavators and wheel excavators.

According to different transmission modes, excavators can be divided into hydraulic excavators and mechanical excavators. Mechanical excavators are mainly used in some large mines.

According to the purpose, excavators can be divided into general excavators, mining excavators, marine excavators, special excavators and other different categories

According to the bucket, excavators can be divided into front shovel excavator, backhoe excavator, dragline excavator and grab excavator. Backhoe excavators are mostly used to excavate materials above the surface, while backhoe excavators are mostly used to excavate materials below the surface.

1. The backhoe type of backhoe excavator is the most common one we have seen. It is backward downward and forced to cut soil. It can be used for excavation below the shutdown working face. The basic operation methods include: trench end excavation, trench side excavation, straight line excavation, curve excavation, excavation with a certain angle, ultra-deep trench excavation and trench slope excavation.

2. Front shovel excavator

The shovel action form of the front shovel excavator. It is characterized by "moving forward and forcing soil cutting". The front shovel has large excavation force and can excavate the soil above the parking surface. It should be used to excavate the dry foundation pit with a height of more than 2 m, but the up and down ramps must be set. The bucket of the front shovel is larger than the bucket of the backhoe of the same equivalent, and the water content that can be excavated is not more than one of 27%

To Class III soil, and cooperate with dump trucks to complete the entire excavation and transportation operation, and can also excavate large dry foundation pits and mounds. According to the different relative positions of the excavation route and the transportation vehicles, the excavation methods of the front shovel excavator include the following two ways: forward excavation and lateral unloading; Forward excavation and reverse dumping.

3. dragline excavator

The dragline excavator is also called cable shovel excavator. The characteristics of its excavation are: "backward downward, self-weight cutting". It is suitable for excavation of Class I and II soil below the parking surface. When working, use the inertia force to throw the bucket out, and dig farther, with larger excavation radius and depth, but not as flexible and accurate as the backhoe. Especially suitable for excavation of large and deep foundation pit or underwater excavation.

4. Grab shovel excavator

Grab excavator is also called grab excavator. The characteristics of its excavation are: "straight up and straight down, cutting soil by its own weight". It is suitable for excavation of Class I and II soil below the parking surface, and it is often used for excavation of foundation pits and open caissons in soft soil areas. It is especially suitable for digging deep and narrow foundation pits, dredging old channels, digging sludge in water, etc., or loading loose materials such as gravel and slag. There are two excavation methods: trench side excavation and positioning excavation. If the grab is made into bars, it can also be used to load ore blocks, chips, wood, etc. in the log yard.

Full-hydraulic full-swing excavator

The majority of today's excavators are full hydraulic full swing excavators. Hydraulic excavator is mainly composed of engine, hydraulic system, working device, walking device and electrical control. The hydraulic system is composed of hydraulic pump, control valve, hydraulic cylinder, hydraulic motor, pipeline, oil tank, etc. The electrical control system includes monitoring panel, engine control system, pump control system, various sensors, solenoid valves, etc.

Hydraulic excavator is generally composed of working device, upper body and lower body. According to its structure and use, it can be divided into crawler type, tire type, walking type, full hydraulic type, semi-hydraulic type, full rotary type, non-full rotary type, general type, special type, articulated type, telescopic type and other types.

The working device is the device that directly completes the excavation task. It is articulated by boom, stick and bucket. In order to meet the needs of various construction operations, hydraulic excavators can be equipped with a variety of working devices, such as excavation, lifting, loading, leveling, clamps, bulldozers, impact hammers, rotary drills and other work tools.

The slewing and walking device is the body of the hydraulic excavator, and the upper part of the turntable is equipped with a power device and a transmission system. The engine is the power source of the hydraulic excavator. Most diesel engines can be used in convenient places, or electric motors can be used.

The hydraulic transmission system transmits the power of the engine to the hydraulic motor, hydraulic cylinder and other actuating elements through the hydraulic pump to push the working device to move, thus completing various operations.